RESUMO
Introducción: El creciente interés por los trastornos respiratorios del sueño ha hecho renacer el antiguo debate de si existe una relación causal entre la obstrucción respiratoria alta y las alteraciones en el desarrollo dentofacial. Objetivo: Averiguar el impacto sobre el desarrollo dentofacial de los trastornos respiratorios del sueño en los niños. Método: Estudio prospectivo donde se comparan los análisis dentofaciales de 30 niños diagnosticados de trastorno respiratorio del sueño mediante polisomnografía y un grupo control de 30 niños sanos. Las edades de ambos grupos se sitúan entre los 3 y los 13 años. Resultados: El estudio estadístico mostró diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en la proporción de niños con paladar estrecho (83% en el grupo problema y 57% en el control; p=0,024) y mordida cruzada (40 y 13%; p=0,020). En la comparación de medidas de ángulos, la única diferencia estadísticamente significativa fue el ángulo de la base del craneo con el plano mandibular: los niños del grupo problema tenían una media de 37,59±5,56 y los del grupo control de 34,41±4,62 (p=0,023). Conclusión: Los niños con trastornos respiratorios del sueño presentan alteraciones en el desarrollo dental y facial condicionadas por la obstrucción de la vía respiratoria alta. Estas alteraciones, crecimiento vertical de la cara, paladar estrecho y alteraciones en la oclusión dentaria, deberían ser tenidas en cuenta en el momento de realizar la indicación de adenoamigdalectomía (AU)
Introduction: The recent interest in sleep-related breathing disorders has re-opened the old debate as to whether there is a causal relationship between upper respiratory obstruction and abnormalities in dentofacial development. Objective: To establish the impact of dentofacial development on sleep-related breathing disorders in children. Method: This is a prospective study in which the dentofacial studies of 30 children, diagnosed with a sleep-related breathing disorder using polysomnography, were compared with a control group of 30 healthy children. The ages of both groups were between 3 and 13 years. Results: The statistical analysis showed significant differences between the groups in the proportion of children with a narrow palate (83% of the problem group and 57% in the control; P=0.024) and cross bite (40% and 13%; P=0.020). On comparing the angles measured, the only statistically-significant difference was the skull base-mandibular plane angle: The problem children group had a mean of 37.59±5.56 and the control group, a mean of 34.41±4.62 (P=0.023). Conclusion: Children with sleep-related breathing disorders have abnormalities in facial and dental development caused by upper respiratory obstruction. These anomalies, vertical growth of the face, narrow palate and dental occlusion changes should be taken into account when assessing the indication for a adenotonsillectomy (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Desenvolvimento Maxilofacial , Traumatismos Maxilofaciais/etiologia , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/complicações , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/complicações , Dente/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Má Oclusão/etiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The recent interest in sleep-related breathing disorders has re-opened the old debate as to whether there is a causal relationship between upper respiratory obstruction and abnormalities in dentofacial development. OBJECTIVE: To establish the impact of dentofacial development on sleep-related breathing disorders in children. METHOD: This is a prospective study in which the dentofacial studies of 30 children, diagnosed with a sleep-related breathing disorder using polysomnography, were compared with a control group of 30 healthy children. The ages of both groups were between 3 and 13 years. RESULTS: The statistical analysis showed significant differences between the groups in the proportion of children with a narrow palate (83% of the problem group and 57% in the control; P=0.024) and cross bite (40% and 13%; P=0.020). On comparing the angles measured, the only statistically-significant difference was the skull base-mandibular plane angle: The problem children group had a mean of 37.59±5.56 and the control group, a mean of 34.41±4.62 (P=0.023). CONCLUSION: Children with sleep-related breathing disorders have abnormalities in facial and dental development caused by upper respiratory obstruction. These anomalies, vertical growth of the face, narrow palate and dental occlusion changes should be taken into account when assessing the indication for a adenotonsillectomy.
